CODOMINANT STEMS

The term “codominant stems” is used to describe two or more stems that emerge from the same location on the main trunk of a tree. The stems are similar in size and neither one is dominant. Codominant stems can be hazardous and often times require removal or cabling.

PROBLEMS WITH CODOMINANT STEMS

Trees with codominant stems have a higher risk of failure than other trees.  The risk increases as the tree grows. They are especially susceptible to storms. Ideally, trees should have one central leader and several branches aligned around the tree like spokes on a wheel. Codominant stems form when two branches nearly equal in size grow side-by-side and rub against one another and form a “u” or “v” shaped union.

Codominant stems inhibit the development of proper growth since both stems act as the tree’s main leader. Each stem is trying to produce a full canopy. As a result, the canopy can become overcrowded and top-heavy. Trees with codominant stems also tend to have insufficient roots as the roots on each side of the tree are only anchoring half of the tree.

A tree with codominant stems can be particularly weak if included bark is present. Included bark forms in the junctions of codominant stems and means that the stems are attached, at least partially, to the main trunk via bark rather than wood. This results in weak and under-supported branches as bark does not have the same supportive strength as wood.

REMEDIES

In most cases, trees with codominant stems will need to be removed to prevent property damage or injury. Removing one of the stems, especially from a mature tree, is typically not an option. Few trees that lose a codominant stem, whether deliberate or not, will survive as the loss of such a large stem can cause a massive wound that the tree is unable to recover from. In some cases, if the tree is healthy and stable, proper pruning and/or cabling can be done to help maintain its structural integrity. Cabling will provide additional support by holding the codominant stems together with flexible steel cables. Trees with codominant stems should be inspected regularly by an Arborist so that corrective actions can be taken before it is too late.